Speaking in advance of US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s arrival for the 8th Agoa Forum in Nairobi, Kenya’s Prime Minister Raila Odinga was cheered when he declared that we in Africa do not need any lectures from the West.
Of course, lectures are exactly what the African leadership got.
Perhaps the greatest favour that Clinton’s visit would do us is if it led our potentates and their hapless subjects to ask one question: Why is Africa poor?
Our continent’s penury has been proclaimed far and wide. Governments, NGOs, the media and celebrities alike have taken to the rooftops to proclaim their sorry tale of Africa’s woe. We’ve all heard the statistics. To quote just a few: More than 300 million people south of the Sahara have to survive on less than a dollar a day.
Two thirds of the poorest countries in the world are in Africa, as are 34 of the 35 states with the lowest life expectancy.
However this is at best a misrepresentation of the true story and at worst a deliberate attempt to mask the real and fundamental cause of the continent’s underdevelopment.
AFRICA IS POSSIBLY THE LARGest producer of raw materials in the world. Our mineral and agricultural resources are what keep the rest of the world churning. Many of the world’s largest corporations make their money on the backs of African peasants who receive little in return for their labour.
For example, according to the Global Policy Forum, we (together with our brothers-in-alms in Asia and Latin America) grow the coffee that drives a $70 billion global business and accept only $6 billion for our troubles.
African countries harvest about two-thirds of the world’s cocoa (the main ingredient for the $75 billion chocolate industry), mine 21 per cent of its gold, control nearly 17 per cent of its oil reserves.
Kenya alone is home to fully 10 per cent of the world’s unexploited titanium reserves, which some have valued at $11 billion. Yet only 1 per cent of the world’s wealth is created in the region between the Sahara and the Cape of Good Hope.
HOW DO WE EXPLAIN THIS SEEMing paradox? First, let us disabuse ourselves of this notion that Africa is poor. Africa is not poor. We lack the things of this world because what we have is freely given away to the developed countries.
For example, in what was then described as “an unprecedented act of generosity,” the government of Kenya in 2006 gifted the state-owned China National Offshore Oil Company exclusive rights over a total of six out of 11 available oil exploration blocks, after which the Chinese held an auction in London and sold off the concessions.
In the case of the titanium find, Kenya’s colonial-era Mining Act stipulates that mining companies pay only 5 per cent of the value of the minerals to the government. According to Haroun Ndubi of Kituo cha Sheria, “A developed country… would be talking about a third of the value of the mineral deposits.”
We could also add that it is doubtful that any developed country would allow $11 billion to sit in the ground for 15 years while its citizens starved.
In these and other ways, Africa effectively subsidises the industrialised world’s economies to a scale that dwarfs any of the agricultural subsidies paid to their farmers or any amount of aid that they decide to favour us with.
And it doesn’t stop there. We spend our money training countless doctors, nurses and other professionals only to freely send them to work in the West. We receive “aid,” promptly pay it back to the “donor” nation’s companies, and then are paradoxically still left with a debt whose interest payments are mind-boggling…
Between 1970 and 2002, the countries south of the Sahara received a total of $294 billion in loans. In the same period of time they paid back $268 billion, and accumulated, after interest, a mountain of debt amounting to $210 billion.
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS state of affairs? Not the perennial scapegoats, the West. The truth is that the blame lies squarely with us Africans because we tolerate the situation and accept the rationalisations that support it.
We agree to sell our raw materials on the cheap and cough up to buy back the processed stuff. We accept that the major international commodity exchanges be in the Western capitals that don’t produce any commodity.
We faithfully obey the dictates of a patently skewed market; we take the aid that is no aid at all but a form of internationally sanctioned loan-sharking; we buy the weapons that slaughter millions in pointless wars while at the same time we are busy sending peacekeepers to police the war zones of Europe.
We rip off our brethren then stash their hard-earned money away in foreign banks, boosting foreign economies. This is the real Black Man’s Burden — our largesse.
THE WEST, THOUGH, HAS NO INterest in solving our root problem because, as we have seen, it benefits handsomely from it. So they foist on us all sorts of agendas and after a lot of soul-searching and wringing of hands and gnashing of teeth, they also provide us with the solutions.
More aid (specifically 0.7 per cent of their GDPs — that’s 70 cents out of every $100).
Some debt cancellation. More talk on market access and subsidies. Anything to avoid dealing with the central inconsistency of an entire continent sitting on a mountain of wealth and living off a pittance.
In spite of the obvious contradiction, our governments and NGOs fall over themselves to implement the latest proposals, gratefully accepting crumbs as their benefactors in the West continue to feast on bread made from our wheat.
In defining the agenda, the West succeeds in owning the problem. It never ceases to amaze me that any show on Africa by the TV networks always ends up interviewing some white guy from the West.
According to the Washington Post, “When the foreign media descend on the latest crisis, the person they look to interview is invariably the foreign saviour, an aid worker from the United States or Europe. African saviours are everywhere, delivering aid on the ground. But they don’t seem to be in [the West’s] cultural belief system.”
Anti-poverty shows meanwhile feature plenty of rich whites bemoaning the open sore that is Africa and a token black (probably an “enlightened” Aids victim or a survivor of some horrible famine) as a representative of the redemption a donation of a few dollars can buy.
BOB GELDOF’S LIVE EIGHT provides this telling scene as related by Margo Kingston: “Geldof introduced a young Ethiopian woman whose photo we saw from 20 years earlier when she was ten minutes away from death. But the moment was quickly lost; not even here could the audience be trusted with time for memory and reflection. ‘Live’ overruled Life. The young woman was led onstage to stand by as a prop to Madonna’s Like a Prayer. There was no Miriam Makeba on hand to embrace this African sister. A life ‘saved’ but now ready to aspire to the West’s idealised image.”
Like the poor Ethiopian, we have become props to the West’s struggle with its conscience. Africa is the stage where they seek absolution for their past misadventures, as Parselelo Kantai amply demonstrates in his insightful article, “Death of a Kenyan Dream.” They do so, not to relieve our suffering, but theirs.
In this drama, the African has been assigned his stock role of the “noble savage” needing to be rescued from himself while the West is cast as the heroic, self-sacrificing (the whole 70 cents) harbinger of civilisation.
Having accepted our role and donned the costume of moral and material bankruptcy, we have come to rely on them for answers to everything. When a parastatal is insolvent, bring in some Westerner and hey presto! Problem solved. Endemic corruption? Why, let’s get some Western “experts” to advise us.
Famines and disease? Here come the white messiahs riding on their standard issue luxury 4X4s (and receiving hefty allowances to compensate them for the hardship of exchanging a council house in London for a palatial residence in Muthaiga with several servants thrown in).
Faltering economies? Blame the whole thing on slavery and colonialism. Claim reparations. Sue their imperialist arses. Wait for the handout. Thus Western guilt and greed conspire with African naiveté, incompetence and thievery.
AFRICA NEEDS TO WAKE UP AND wrest back the problem. It is our problem, not the West’s. The solutions will come from us, not them. “Fair trade,” debt relief, removal of subsidies and “aid” cannot be anything other than a band-aid on a gaping wound.
We need to extract ourselves from a global trade system that is bleeding us dry. Africa needs to be run for the benefit of Africans, not modern-day imperialists.
The Virginia Centre for the Teaching of International Studies, whose central purpose is to enhance the teaching of international studies in Virginia’s middle and high schools, thinks that Grade 8 kids in the US should be able to “identify minerals in sub-Saharan Africa, explain how man uses these minerals and how developed nations need these minerals, identify minerals that are strategically important and examine factors that limit sub-Saharan Africa from becoming more industrialised and using these mineral resources themselves,” (italics mine).
I would recommend the same course to Raila and his fellow heads of government.
Patrick Gathara is general secretary of Katuni, the Association of East African.
Website: www.gathara.com Blog: http://gathara.blogspot.com/
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